经济学基础——十大经济学原理

经济学基础

 

经济是什么”这个问题并没有什么神秘之处。无论我们谈论的是洛杉矶经济、美国经济，还是全世界的经济，经济只不过是在生活中相互交易的人们所组成的群体而已。由于一个经济行为反映了组成这个经济的个人的行为，因此我们的经济学研究就从个人做出的决策的四个原理开始。

 

原理一：人们面临权衡取舍。

原理二：某种东西的成本是为了得到它所放弃的东西。

原理三：理性人考虑边际量。

原理四：人们会对激励做出反应

 

"What is the economy is there is no mystery. Whether we talk about the Los Angeles economy, the US economy, or the world's economy, the economy is just a group consisting of people who trade in life. Since an economic behavior reflects the behavior of this economy, our economics research begins with the four principles of the decision of individuals.

Principle 1: People face the trade-offs.

 

Principle 2: The cost of a certain thing is to get what it gives up.

 

Principle 3: The rational person considers marginal quantity.

 

Principle 4: People will respond to incentives

 

前四个原理讨论了个人如何做出决策。在我们的人生路途中，我们的许多决策不仅影响我们自己，而且会影响到其他人。以下三个原理是关于人们如何相互影响的。

 

原理五：贸易可以使每个人的状况都变得更好。

原理六：市场通常是组织经济活动的一种好方法。

原理七：政府有时可以改善市场结果。

The first four principles discussed how individuals made decisions. In our way of life, many of our decisions not only affect our own, but also affect others. The following three principles are how people have interactive.

 

Principle 5: Trade can make everyone's condition better.

 

Principle Six: The market is usually a good way to organize economic activities.

 

Principle Seven: Government can sometimes improve market results.

 

我们从讨论个人如何做出决策开始，然后考察人们如何相互影响。所有这些决策和相互影响共同组成了“经济”。最后三个原理涉及整体经济的运行。

 

原理八：一国的生活水平取决于它生产物品与劳务的能力。

原理九：当政府发行了过多货币时，物价上涨。

原理十：社会面临通货膨胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍。

 

We start with how to discuss how people make decisions, and then inspect how people have interactive. All of these decisions and mutual influences together form an "economy". The last three principles involve the overall economy.

 

Principle 8: The living standard of a country depends on its ability to produce goods and services.

 

Principle 9: When the government has released too much currency, prices rose.

 

Principle 10: Society is facing short-term trade-offs between inflation and unemployment.

 

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素材来源于《经济学基础》——第5版 北京大学出版社

图片来源于百度

翻译来源于谷歌翻译‍

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