背景： 前端Pod 需要 访问 后端Pod ,可以采用service 的DNS 解析 ，为Kubernetes集群里的容器提供DNS服务，用于解析service名称
[root@master-1 yaml]# cat coredns.yaml
# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrApping: rbac-defaults
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
errors
health
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
pods insecure
upstream
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
# 2. Default is 1.
# 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'Docker/default'
spec:
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
containers:
- name: coredns
image: lizhenliang/coredns:1.2.2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.0.0.2
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created
#查看Pod状态
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-6d8cfdd59d-87b7p 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 40s
#下载完成
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-6d8cfdd59d-7dfjz 1/1 Running 0 3m44s
[root@master-1 yaml]# cat test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- image: busybox:1.28.4
command:
- sleep
- "3600"
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: busybox
restartPolicy: Always
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl apply -f test.yaml
pod/busybox created
#查看Pod状态
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
busybox 1/1 Running 1 5m59s 10.244.2.6 k8s-node3 <none> <none>
Nginx-demo-574b6ddfd8-j487f 1/1 Running 1 40h 10.244.2.64 node-3 <none> <none>
#为了测试dns 解析，需要先查看下同命名空间内的 另一个pod 的service
[root@master-1 yaml]# kubectl get service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 17d
nginx-demo NodePort 10.0.0.238 <none> 80:32729/TCP 40h
#可以看到另一个POD的 cluster-ip 为 10.0.0.238，service名称 为 nginx-demo
#进入到容器里面（访问同命名空间内的POD资源）
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl exec -it busybox sh
/ # ping nginx-demo
PING web (10.0.0.238): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.238: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.135 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.238: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.158 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.238: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.236 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.238: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.127 ms
#可以看到通过service name ,DNS 可以直接ping通另一个 POD
#再通过dns 来访问下另一个POD的业务（通过查看上面另一个pod的service 可以看到暴露的 cluster-ip 的端口为 80）
[root@k8s-master1 yaml]# kubectl exec -it busybox sh
/ # curl nginx-demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World</title>
<link href="data:image/png;base64,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" rel="icon" type="image/png" />
<style>
body {
margin: 0px;
font: 20px 'RobotoRegular', Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: 100;
height: 100%;
color: #0f1419;
}
div.info {
display: table;
background: #e8eaec;
padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px;
border: 1px dashed black;
border-radius: 10px;
margin: 0px auto auto auto;
}
div.info p {
display: table-row;
margin: 5px auto auto auto;
}
div.info p span {
display: table-cell;
padding: 10px;
}
img {
width: 176px;
margin: 36px auto 36px auto;
display:block;
}
div.smaller p span {
color: #3D5266;
}
h1, h2 {
font-weight: 100;
}
div.check {
padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
display: table;
margin: 36px auto auto auto;
font: 12px 'RobotoRegular', Arial, sans-serif;
}
#footer {
position: fixed;
bottom: 36px;
width: 100%;
}
#center {
width: 400px;
margin: 0 auto;
font: 12px Courier;
}
</style>
<script>
var ref;
function checkRefresh(){
if (document.cookie == "refresh=1") {
document.getElementById("check").checked = true;
ref = setTimeout(function(){location.reload();}, 1000);
} else {
}
}
function changeCookie() {
if (document.getElementById("check").checked) {
document.cookie = "refresh=1";
ref = setTimeout(function(){location.reload();}, 1000);
} else {
document.cookie = "refresh=0";
clearTimeout(ref);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="checkRefresh();">
<img alt="NGINX Logo" src="data:image/png;base64,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"/>
<div class="info">
<p><span>Server address:</span> <span>10.244.2.64:80</span></p>
<p><span>Server name:</span> <span>nginx-demo-574b6ddfd8-j487f</span></p>
<p class="smaller"><span>Date:</span> <span>02/Nov/2020:02:27:02 +0000</span></p>
<p class="smaller"><span>URI:</span> <span>/</span></p>
</div>
<div class="check"><input type="checkbox" id="check" onchange="changeCookie()"> Auto Refresh</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="center" align="center">
Request ID: e68c7defa2d82165824b27397b7c05b2<br/>
© NGINX, Inc. 2018
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
#可以正常访问到 POD 的前端页面，从而实现pod的互通
#访问不同命名空间的POD，只需在 在service 后面加上 .命名空间名称
首先查看 下另一个命令空间的POD，service 信息
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl get pods,service -n grafana
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/grafana-588856b7f5-shxgg 1/1 Running 1 37h
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/grafana NodePort 10.0.0.56 <none> 80:30768/TCP 41h
#再次进入到 busybox 容器里面
/ # ping grafana.grafana -c 4
PING grafana.grafana.svc.cluster.local (10.0.0.56) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from grafana.grafana.svc.cluster.local (10.0.0.56): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
64 bytes from grafana.grafana.svc.cluster.local (10.0.0.56): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.098 ms
64 bytes from grafana.grafana.svc.cluster.local (10.0.0.56): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.120 ms
64 bytes from grafana.grafana.svc.cluster.local (10.0.0.56): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.104 ms
--- grafana.grafana.svc.cluster.local ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 4ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.071/0.098/0.120/0.019 ms
/ # curl grafana.grafana
<a href="/login">Found</a>.
#可以看到可以正常ping通，也可以访问到页面内容
备注：
#如果出现下面报错是hosts解析出错重新配置hosts解析
Error from server: error dialing backend: dial tcp: lookup
#添加hosts解析（主机侧的DNS 解析，master,node ,LB 等）
cat >/etc/hosts<<'EOF'
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.2.190 k8s-master1
192.168.2.191 k8s-master2
192.168.2.192 k8s-node1
192.168.2.193 k8s-node2
192.168.2.194 k8s-node3
192.168.2.195 k8s-LB01
192.168.2.196 k8s-LB02
EOF
