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MySQL实现汉字转拼音，赶快一起学起来

2022-09-06  今日头条  198兜兜里有糖
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今天接到一个新的业务需求，客户需要将指定的中文汉字转换成拼音（含：简拼、首全拼、尾全拼）。

1. 创建基础数据表

-- ----------------------------

-- Table structure for bst_wbjq

-- ----------------------------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `bst_wbjq`;

CREATE TABLE `bst_wbjq` (

`CHARACTOR` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`word` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

`CODE` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,

`STROKE` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

 

-- ----------------------------

-- Table structure for tbl_pinyin

-- ----------------------------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tbl_pinyin`;

CREATE TABLE `tbl_pinyin` (

`SN` bigint(20) NOT NULL,

`WORD` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`PY` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`PYLEVEL` int(11) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

2. 插入基础数据记录

-- ----------------------------

-- Records of bst_wbjq

-- ----------------------------

truncate table bst_wbjq;

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('禅', 'C', 'P', '^K');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('讶', 'Y', 'Y', '2T');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('焉', 'Y', 'G', 'Pa');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('阉', 'Y', 'U', 'V2');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('烟', 'Y', 'O', 'Ng');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('淹', 'Y', 'I', 'V^');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('圊', 'Q', 'L', 'Rz');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('圉', 'Y', 'L', 'S?');

INSERT INTO `bst_wbjq` VALUES ('帔', 'P', 'M', ';~');

.... ....

commit;

 

-- ----------------------------

-- Records of tbl_pinyin

-- ----------------------------

truncate table tbl_pinyin;

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('33641', '胫', 'jing4', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30749', '箅', 'bi4', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30750', '箢', 'yuan1', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30751', '篁', 'huang2', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30752', '篦', 'bi4', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30753', '篾', 'mie4', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30754', '簋', 'gui3', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30755', '簪', 'zan1', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30756', '籀', 'zhou4', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30757', '舄', 'xi4', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30758', '舢', 'shan1', '0');

INSERT INTO `tbl_pinyin` VALUES ('30759', '舨', 'ban3', '0');

.... ....

commit;

3. 创建汉字转拼音函数（存储过程、函数）

3.1. 创建存储过程：PRC_GET_PYM

-- ----------------------------

-- procedure structure for PRC_GET_PYM

-- ----------------------------

delimiter $$

drop procedure if exists PRC_GET_PYM;

$$

create procedure PRC_GET_PYM(IN V_NAME varchar(256),OUT V_PYM varchar(256))

begin

declare i int default 1;

declare j int default 0;

declare V_PINYIN_TEMP VARCHAR(70);

declare V_NAME_TEMP varchar(200);

declare V_NAME_SIN varchar(10);

declare V_PINYIN_SIN varchar(10);

declare v_counter1 int(8);

 

#替换各种特殊符号

select replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(V_NAME,

'Ａ','A'),'Ｂ','B'),'Ｃ','C'),'Ｄ','D'),'Ｅ','E'),'Ｆ','F'),'Ｇ','G'),'Ｈ','H'),

'Ｉ','I'),'Ｊ','J'),'Ｋ','K'),'Ｌ','L'),'Ｍ','M'),'Ｎ','N'),'Ｏ','O'),'Ｐ','P'),

'Ｑ','Q'),'Ｒ','R'),'Ｓ','S'),'Ｔ','T'),'Ｕ','U'),'Ｖ','V'),'Ｗ','W'),'Ｘ','X'),

'Ｙ','Y'),'Ｚ','Z'),'＋',''),'－',''),'＊',''),'／',''),

'[',''),']',''),'{',''),'}',''),'（',''),'）',''),

'<',''),'>',''),'《',''),'》',''),'(',''),')',''),'"',''),

'“',''),'”',''),'.',''),'。',''),'-',''),'－',''),'/',''),

'／',''),'　 ',''),' ',''),'１','一'),'２','二'),'３','三'),

'４','四'),'５','五'),'６','六'),'７','七'),'８','八'),'９','九'),'０','零') R3

into V_NAME_TEMP

from dual;

 

#循环获得字符串拼音码

myloop:loop

if V_NAME is null then

leave myloop;

end if;

 

select substr(V_NAME_TEMP, i, 1) into V_NAME_SIN from dual;

set i=i+1;

if V_NAME_SIN <> ' ' then

select count(*)

into v_counter1

from bst_wbjq

where bst_wbjq.charactor=v_name_sin;

if v_counter1 > 0 then

select WORD

into V_PINYIN_SIN

from bst_wbjq

where bst_wbjq.CHARACTOR=V_NAME_SIN

limit 1;

select concat_ws('',V_PINYIN_TEMP,V_PINYIN_SIN)

into V_PINYIN_TEMP

from dual;

end if;

end if;

select char_length(V_NAME) into j from dual;

if i > j then

leave myloop;

end if;

end loop;

#截取32位长度字符

if char_length(V_PINYIN_TEMP) > 32 then

select substr(V_PINYIN_TEMP, 1, 32) into V_PYM from dual;

else

select V_PINYIN_TEMP into V_PYM from dual;

end if;

end;

$$

delimiter ;

3.2. 创建存储过程：SP_PINYIN

-- ----------------------------

-- procedure structure for SP_PINYIN

-- ----------------------------

delimiter $$

drop procedure if exists SP_PINYIN;

$$

create procedure SP_PINYIN(IN hanzi varchar(256),OUT pinyin varchar(256))

begin

declare aword varchar(200);

declare aresult varchar(200);

declare temp1 varchar(20);

declare len int default 0;

declare point int default 1;

declare charword varchar(20);

declare charlen int default 1;

#定义游标标志变量

declare done int default false;

#定义游标

declare cur_pinyin cursor for

select PY from TBL_PINYIN

where word=substr(aword, point, charlen);

#指定游标循环结束时的返回值

declare continue HANDLER for not found set done=true;

select ltrim(rtrim(hanzi)) into aword from dual;

select char_length(aword) into len from dual;

#<<LABEL1>>

while point <= len do

select '' into temp1 from dual;

select substr(aword, point, 1) into charword from dual;

if (charword is not null and charword != ' ') then

select concat_ws(' ',aresult,charword) into aresult from dual;

else

select 2 into charlen from dual;

end if;

#打开游标

open cur_pinyin;

#开始循环处理游标里的数据

read_loop:loop

#获得游标当前指向的一条数据

fetch cur_pinyin into temp1;

#判断游标的循环是否结束

if done then

leave read_loop;

end if;

end loop; #结束游标循环

#关闭游标

close cur_pinyin;

if (point = 1) then

set aresult = temp1;

else

select concat_ws(' ',aresult,temp1) into aresult from dual;

end if;

select point+charlen into point from dual;

end while;

#输出结果

select aresult into pinyin from dual;

end;

$$

delimiter ;

3.3. 创建函数：to_pinyin

-- ----------------------------

-- function structure for to_pinyin

-- ----------------------------

delimiter $$

drop function if exists to_pinyin;

$$

create function to_pinyin(v_hanzi varchar(256),v_type int)

returns varchar(256)

begin

declare strTemp VARCHAR(200);

declare strResult VARCHAR(200);

declare strHanzi VARCHAR(200);

declare strTemp1 VARCHAR(200);

declare v_subb VARCHAR(100);

declare V_NAME_TEMP VARCHAR(200);

declare v_pinyin VARCHAR(200);

#替换各种特殊符号

select replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(

replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(v_hanzi,

'Ａ','A'),'Ｂ','B'),'Ｃ','C'),'Ｄ','D'),'Ｅ','E'),'Ｆ','F'),'Ｇ','G'),'Ｈ','H'),

'Ｉ','I'),'Ｊ','J'),'Ｋ','K'),'Ｌ','L'),'Ｍ','M'),'Ｎ','N'),'Ｏ','O'),'Ｐ','P'),

'Ｑ','Q'),'Ｒ','R'),'Ｓ','S'),'Ｔ','T'),'Ｕ','U'),'Ｖ','V'),'Ｗ','W'),'Ｘ','X'),

'Ｙ','Y'),'Ｚ','Z'),'＋',''),'－',''),'＊',''),'／',''),

'[',''),']',''),'{',''),'}',''),'（',''),'）',''),

'<',''),'>',''),'《',''),'》',''),'(',''),')',''),'"',''),

'“',''),'”',''),'.',''),'。',''),'-',''),'－',''),'/',''),

'／',''),'　 ',''),' ',''),'１','一'),'２','二'),'３','三'),

'４','四'),'５','五'),'６','六'),'７','七'),'８','八'),'９','九'),'０','零') R3

into V_NAME_TEMP

from dual;

if v_type = '1' then #简拼

set @V_NAME_TEMP=V_NAME_TEMP;

set @strResult=null;

call Prc_Get_Pym(@V_NAME_TEMP, @strResult);

elseif v_type = '2' then #尾全拼

#判断结尾字符是否是中文

select ltrim(rtrim(substr(V_NAME_TEMP, char_length(V_NAME_TEMP), char_length(V_NAME_TEMP))))

into v_subb

from dual;

if v_subb is null then #如果不是中文则直接生成开口码

set @V_NAME_TEMP=V_NAME_TEMP;

set @strResult=null;

call Prc_Get_Pym(@V_NAME_TEMP, @strResult);

else

select substr(V_NAME_TEMP, 1, char_length(V_NAME_TEMP)-1) into strHanzi from dual;

set @strHanzi=strHanzi;

set @strTemp1=null;

call Prc_Get_Pym(@strHanzi, @strTemp1);

select substr(V_NAME_TEMP, char_length(V_NAME_TEMP), char_length(V_NAME_TEMP)) into strHanzi from dual;

set @strHanzi=strHanzi;

set @strTemp=null;

call Sp_Pinyin(@strHanzi, @strTemp);

select substr(@strTemp, 1, char_length(@strTemp) - 1) into @strResult from dual;

select concat_ws('',@strTemp1,@strResult) into @strResult from dual;

end if;

elseif v_type = '3' then #首全拼

#判断开头字符是否是中文

select ltrim(rtrim(substr(V_NAME_TEMP, 1, 1))) into v_subb from dual;

if v_subb is null then #如果不是中文则直接生成开口码

set @V_NAME_TEMP=V_NAME_TEMP;

set @strResult=null;

call Prc_Get_Pym(@V_NAME_TEMP, @strResult);

else

select substr(V_NAME_TEMP, 2, char_length(V_NAME_TEMP)) into strHanzi from dual;

set @strHanzi=strHanzi;

set @strResult=null;

call Prc_Get_Pym(@strHanzi, @strResult);

select substr(V_NAME_TEMP, 1, 1) into strHanzi from dual;

set @strHanzi=strHanzi;

set @strTemp=null;

call Sp_Pinyin(@strHanzi, @strTemp);

select concat_ws('',substr(@strTemp, 1, char_length(@strTemp) - 1),@strResult) into @strResult from dual;

end if;

end if;

set v_pinyin=UPPER(@strResult);

return v_pinyin;

end;

$$

delimiter ;

4. 使用方法/案例

 

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