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MySQL死锁分析:记一次因索引合并导致的MySQL死锁分析过程

2021-07-29    编程菌zfn
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生产上偶现这段代码会出现死锁,死锁日志如下。

*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 424487272, ACTIVE 0 sec fetching rows
MySQL tables in use 3, locked 3
LOCK WAIT 6 lock struct(s), heap size 1184, 4 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 3205005, OS thread handle 0x7f39c21c8700, query id 567774892 10.14.34.30 finance Searching rows for update
update repay_plan_info_1
     SET actual_pay_period_amount = 38027,
        actual_pay_principal_amount = 36015,
        actual_pay_interest_amount = 1980,
        actual_pay_fee = 0,
        actual_pay_fine = 32,
        actual_discount_amount = 0,
        repay_status = 'PAYOFF',
        repay_type = 'OVERDUE',
        actual_repay_time = '2019-08-12 15:48:15.025'

     WHERE (  user_id = '938467411690006528'
                  and loan_order_no = 'LN201907120655461690006528458116'
                  and seq_no = 1
                  and repay_status <> 'PAYOFF' )

*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 3680 page no 30 n bits 136 index `PRIMARY` of table `db_loan_core_2`.`repay_plan_info_1` trx id 424487272 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 64 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 33; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 8; hex 800000000000051e; asc         ;;
 1: len 6; hex 0000193d35df; asc    =5 ;;
 2: len 7; hex 06000001d402e7; asc        ;;
 3: len 30; hex 323031393036313332303532303634323936303534323130353730303030; asc 201906132052064296054210570000; (total 32 bytes);
 4: len 30; hex 4c4e32303139303631333031323934303136393030303635323831373534; asc LN2019061301294016900065281754; (total 32 bytes);
 5: len 4; hex 80000002; asc     ;;
 6: len 18; hex 393338343637343131363930303036353238; asc 938467411690006528;;
 7: len 4; hex 80000003; asc     ;;
 8: len 4; hex 80000258; asc    X;;
 9: len 3; hex 646179; asc day;;
 10: SQL NULL;
 11: SQL NULL;
 12: len 8; hex 8000000000005106; asc       Q ;;
 13: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 14: len 8; hex 8000000000004e1e; asc       N ;;
 15: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 16: len 8; hex 80000000000002d6; asc         ;;
 17: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 18: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 19: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 20: len 8; hex 8000000000000012; asc         ;;
 21: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 22: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 23: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 24: len 8; hex 3230313930383131; asc 20190811;;
 25: len 7; hex 4f564552445545; asc OVERDUE;;
 26: SQL NULL;
 27: len 1; hex 59; asc Y;;
 28: SQL NULL;
 29: len 5; hex 99a35a1768; asc   Z h;;
 30: len 4; hex 5d503dd8; asc ]P= ;;
 31: SQL NULL;
 32: len 5; hex 99a3d80281; asc      ;;

*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 424487271, ACTIVE 0 sec fetching rows
mysql tables in use 3, locked 3
5 lock struct(s), heap size 1184, 3 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 3204980, OS thread handle 0x7f3db0cf6700, query id 567774893 10.14.34.30 finance Searching rows for update
update repay_plan_info_1
     SET actual_pay_period_amount = 20742,
        actual_pay_principal_amount = 19998,
        actual_pay_interest_amount = 726,
        actual_pay_fee = 0,
        actual_pay_fine = 18,
        actual_discount_amount = 0,
        repay_status = 'PAYOFF',
        repay_type = 'OVERDUE',
        actual_repay_time = '2019-08-12 15:48:15.025'


     WHERE (  user_id = '938467411690006528'
                  and loan_order_no = 'LN201906130129401690006528175485'
                  and seq_no = 2
                  and repay_status <> 'PAYOFF' )
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
RECORD LOCKS space id 3680 page no 30 n bits 136 index `PRIMARY` of table `db_loan_core_2`.`repay_plan_info_1` trx id 424487271 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 64 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 33; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 8; hex 800000000000051e; asc         ;;
 1: len 6; hex 0000193d35df; asc    =5 ;;
 2: len 7; hex 06000001d402e7; asc        ;;
 3: len 30; hex 323031393036313332303532303634323936303534323130353730303030; asc 201906132052064296054210570000; (total 32 bytes);
 4: len 30; hex 4c4e32303139303631333031323934303136393030303635323831373534; asc LN2019061301294016900065281754; (total 32 bytes);
 5: len 4; hex 80000002; asc     ;;
 6: len 18; hex 393338343637343131363930303036353238; asc 938467411690006528;;
 7: len 4; hex 80000003; asc     ;;
 8: len 4; hex 80000258; asc    X;;
 9: len 3; hex 646179; asc day;;
 10: SQL NULL;
 11: SQL NULL;
 12: len 8; hex 8000000000005106; asc       Q ;;
 13: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 14: len 8; hex 8000000000004e1e; asc       N ;;
 15: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 16: len 8; hex 80000000000002d6; asc         ;;
 17: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 18: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 19: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 20: len 8; hex 8000000000000012; asc         ;;
 21: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 22: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 23: len 8; hex 8000000000000000; asc         ;;
 24: len 8; hex 3230313930383131; asc 20190811;;
 25: len 7; hex 4f564552445545; asc OVERDUE;;
 26: SQL NULL;
 27: len 1; hex 59; asc Y;;
 28: SQL NULL;
 29: len 5; hex 99a35a1768; asc   Z h;;
 30: len 4; hex 5d503dd8; asc ]P= ;;
 31: SQL NULL;
 32: len 5; hex 99a3d80281; asc      ;;

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 3680 page no 137 n bits 464 index `idx_user_id` of table `db_loan_core_2`.`repay_plan_info_1` trx id 424487271 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 161 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 18; hex 393338343637343131363930303036353238; asc 938467411690006528;;
 1: len 8; hex 800000000000051e; asc         ;;

*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)

代码定位

按照死锁的update sql语句,我们先定位这个死锁SQL中代码是哪个代码片段导致的。后面我们定位到,是如下代码片段导致的:

MySQL死锁分析:记一次因索引合并导致的MySQL死锁分析过程

 


实际上一眼看上去,这段代码有一个很典型的业务开发场景问题:开启事务在for循环写SQL。

注:这在实际的问题定位过程中并不容易,因为死锁日志并不能反向直接定位到方法的对账、线程名等,如果一个库被多个服务同时连接,甚至定位是哪个服务都不容易。

死锁分析(1)——猜测可能消息重发

死锁分析(2)

仔细阅读出现问题的两条SQL,可以发现一个规律,这里面都带一个相同的where条件:userId= 938467411690006528,意味着这两个事务的请求都来自一个用户发起的,然后从actual_repay_time = '2019-08-12 15:48:15.025'来看,的确是瞬间一起执行的两个事务,但是却是不一样的两个借据。对应到真实的用户的操作上,用户的确有可能发起两个借据的同时还款,例如同时结清多笔借据。

通过出现了几次的死锁,总结出了其相同的规律:每次的死锁SQL条件都有一样的特征——相同的userId+不同的借据+并发。基本可以断定,相同的用户在同时还款多笔的时候,可能会发现死锁,但很可惜,测试环境、生产环境我们模拟这个场景都无法复现死锁的情况。

只能靠技术手段分析原因了。

- 思路:这是了两个完全不同的借据环境计划,操作完全不一样的数据记录,为什么会发生死锁呢?是不是锁的不是行而是锁了表?

死锁日志分析

从事务1中的

*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 3680 page no 30 n bits 136 index `PRIMARY` of table `db_loan_core_2`.`repay_plan_info_1` trx id 424487272 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

事务2中的

*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):

RECORD LOCKS space id 3680 page no 30 n bits 136 index `PRIMARY` of table `db_loan_core_2`.`repay_plan_info_1` trx id 424487271 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap

从RECORD LOCKS的标示可知,的确锁的是行锁不是表锁。且从”but not gap”的信息来看,也不存在间隙锁(注:我们线上隔离级别是read committed,本来就不存在间隙锁问题)。所以锁的位置应该的确是我们操作的行记录才对。但是非常奇怪的是,实际业务上操作的记录的确是完全隔离的(因为是不同的借据,记录没有交集),为什么会冲突呢?

再细节阅读死锁日志从事务2中获取到了一点线索:

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 3680 page no 137 n bits 464 index `idx_user_id` of table `db_loan_core_2`.`repay_plan_info_1` trx id 424487271 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 161 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0

这个索引很奇怪,是userid的索引?

分析之前,我们先看先看锁持有情况:

最后回到了T2

可以推断space id 3680 page no 137应该被T1持有了,但是日志中没有显示出来。

如果是这样,问题就解释通了:

至于为什么T2明明准备操作
LN201906130129401690006528175485,SEQ=2的记录,却之前持有了
LN201907120655461690006528458116,SEQ=1的锁,大概率不是因为之前的SQL真的操作
LN201907120655461690006528458116,SEQ=1的记录,也是因为他之前本想持有别的记录(从锁的详细信息上猜,可能是
LN2019061301294016900065281754的相关记录),但是因为这个idx_user_id的索引问题,顺带锁着了
LN201907120655461690006528458116,SEQ=1,因为都属于一个userId。

所以从时间线上分析,顺序应该是:

所以根源是为什么SQL会使用idx_user_id这个索引呢?知道的可以在评论区和我讨论

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