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关于Nginx 用户认证、SSL证书生成配置的一些笔记

2022-12-27  今日头条  山河已无恙i
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写在前面


这世界的一面至始至终是表象,正如另一面至始至终是意志 -----《作为意志和表象的世界》(第一篇 世界作为表象初论)


用户认证

安装 nginx ,配置 nginx 的用户认证

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.Github.io]-[~]
└─$rpm -ql nginx || yum -y install  nginx

安装版本

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1

备份修改配置文件

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.bak
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

认证需要 在配置文件 server 模块下面添加对应的配置,auth_basic 为提示信息,auth_basic_user_file 为账密文件位置

server {
        ...........
        auth_basic "auth-liruilong";
        auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/pass;

安装压测工具,http-tools 可以创建访问网站的用户名和密码

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$yum -y install  httpd-tools
......
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/pass liruilong
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user liruilong

启动服务,确认服务启动

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl start  nginx
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl is-active nginx
active

访问测试

 


SSL 虚拟主机配置

修改配置文件,需要把注释的部分放开,然后在配置文件的指定的位置创建 SSL 相关密钥,证书

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        Application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;


 # Settings for a TLS enabled server.

    server {
        listen       443 ssl http2;
        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

}

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$

创建 ssl 认证相关

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/nginx/conf.d]
└─$mkdir -p /etc/pki/nginx/
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$mkdir private
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$cd private

生成 RSA 和 ECDSA 密钥

生成生成 RSA 密钥,服务器私钥用于对报文进行解密

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx/private]
└─$openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
......+++
................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx/private]
└─$cd ..

其他可选项

生成 RSA 密钥:

openssl genrsa -out example.key [bits]

打印 RSA 密钥的文本表示:

openssl rsa -in example.key -text -noout

生成新的 RSA 密钥并使用基于 AES CBC 256 加密的密码短语进行加密:

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out example.key [bits]

检查您的私钥。如果密钥有密码短语,系统会提示您输入密码:

openssl rsa -check -in example.key

从密钥中删除密码:

openssl rsa -in example.key -out example.key

使用密码短语加密现有私钥:

openssl rsa -des3 -in example.key -out example_with_pass.key

生成 ECDSA 密钥。curve 将替换为:prime256v1、secp384r1、secp521r1 或任何其他支持的

openssl ecparam -genkey -name [curve] | openssl ec -out example.ec.key

创建证书签名请求(CRS)

从现有私钥创建 CSR

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$ls
private
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$openssl req -new -key ./private/server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=192.168.26.1"

可选项

在单个命令中创建没有密码短语的 CSR 和私钥:

openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:[bits] -keyout example.key -out example.csr

在命令行上提供 CSR 主题信息,而不是通过交互式提示。

openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:[bits] -keyout example.key -out example.csr -subj "/C=UA/ST=Kharkov/L=Kharkov/O=Super Secure Company/OU=IT Department/CN=example.com"

从现有证书和私钥创建 CSR:

openssl x509 -x509toreq -in cert.pem -out example.csr -signkey example.key

通过提供 openssl 配置文件为多域 SAN 证书生成 CSR:

openssl req -new -key example.key -out example.csr -config req.conf

配置文件 req.conf:

[req]
prompt=no
default_md = sha256
distinguished_name = dn
req_extensions = req_ext
[dn]
CN=example.com
[req_ext]
subjectAltName= @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1=example.com
DNS.2=www.example.com
DNS.3=ftp.example.com

创建 X.509 证书

生成证书,使用现有的 CSR 和私钥创建自签名证书:

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -signkey ./private/server.key -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/CN=192.168.26.1
Getting Private key
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$ls
private  server.crt  server.csr
┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$

可选项

这里也可以从头开始创建自签名证书和新私钥:

openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout example.key -out example.crt -x509 -days 365

使用您自己的“CA”证书及其私钥签署子证书。如果您是一家 CA 公司,这将显示一个关于如何颁发新证书的非常简单的示例。

openssl x509 -req -in child.csr -days 365 -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out child.crt

打印证书的文本表示

openssl  x509 -in server.crt -text -noout

将证书的指纹打印为 md5、sha1、sha256 摘要:

openssl x509 -in cert.pem -fingerprint -sha256 -noout

验证 CSR 或证书

验证 CSR 签名:

openssl req -in example.csr -verify

验证私钥是否与证书和 CSR 匹配:

openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in example.key | openssl sha256
openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in example.crt | openssl sha256
openssl req -noout -modulus -in example.csr | openssl sha256

验证证书,前提是您在计算机上将根证书和任何中间证书配置为受信任:

openssl verify example.crt

当您有中间证书链时,验证证书。根证书不是捆绑包的一部分,应该在您的机器上配置为受信任的。

openssl verify -untrusted intermediate-ca-chain.pem example.crt

验证证书,当您有中间证书链和根证书时,未配置为受信任的证书。

openssl verify -CAFile root.crt -untrusted intermediate-ca-chain.pem child.crt

验证远程服务器提供的证书是否涵盖给定的主机名。有助于检查您的多域证书是否正确涵盖了所有主机名。

openssl s_client -verify_hostname www.example.com -connect example.com:443

启动 nginx 服务测试

┌──[root@vms.154.liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/pki/nginx]
└─$systemctl start nginx

访问测试,自签名的证书

 

博文参考


https://dynacont.NET/documentation/linux/openssl/

https://medium.com/free-code-camp/openssl-command-cheatsheet-b441be1e8c4a

https://www.sslshopper.com/article-most-common-openssl-commands.html

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/openssl-essentials-working-with-ssl-certificates-private-keys-and-csrs

https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/

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