教你Centos7中使用7zip压缩工具

2020-05-03

7-Zip是一个支持7z(它实现了LZMA压缩算法，具有非常高的压缩比)、LZMA2、XZ、ZIP、Zip64、CAB、ARJ、GZIP、BZIP2、TAR、CPIO、RPM、ISO、大多数文件系统映像和DEB格式的文件归档器。RAR格式由于不是免费许可，已经被删除了。文内含长段代码可复制可往左滑，希望对大家有帮助！

环境

centos7.7 Minimal
p7zip-16.02

安装

默认Centos7没有安装p7zip安装包，默认源里面也没有这个安装包，需要安装epel源才能安装p7zip安装包。

[root @localhost~]# yum -y install epel-release

[root @localhost~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins

使用方法

7z命令提供的函数字母与命令行选项类似，但使用时不使用 -。这些参数字母告诉命令它需要执行的函数。

压缩文件

创建一个压缩包使用 a参数

创建一个7z格式的压缩包：

[root @localhost~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

4 files, 0 bytes

Creating archive: files.7z

Items to compress: 4

Files read from disk: 0

Archive size: 143 bytes( 1KiB)

Everything is Ok

执行完命令，查看一下是否已经创建7z格式的压缩包

创建一个包含目录的压缩包：

[root @localhost~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes( 9KiB)

Creating archive: gpg.7z

Items to compress: 7

Files read from disk: 2

Archive size: 4157 bytes( 5KiB)

Everything is Ok

[root@localhost ~]#

7zip还可以压缩、解压缩其他格式的压缩包。比如：创建一个.zip格式的压缩包。

[root @localhost~]# 7z a files.zip file{ 1.. 4}.txt

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

4 files, 0 bytes

Creating archive: files.zip

Items to compress: 4

Files read from disk: 4

Archive size: 542 bytes( 1KiB)

Everything is Ok

列出压缩包里面的内容

列出压缩包的内容使用 l参数：

[root @localhost~]# 7z l gpg.7z

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive forarchives:

1 file, 4157 bytes( 5KiB)

Listing archive: gpg.7z

Path = gpg.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 4157

Headers Size = 278

Method = LZMA2: 12k

Solid = +

Blocks = 1

Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name

------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------

2020- 01- 0418: 24: 05D.... 00.gnupg

2020- 01- 0418: 22: 36D.... 00.gnupg/ private-keys-v1.d

2020- 01- 0418: 24: 48....A 00.gnupg/S.gpg-agent

2020- 01- 0418: 22: 36....A 00.gnupg/pubring.gpg

2020- 01- 0418: 24: 05....A 00.gnupg/secring.gpg

2020- 01- 0418: 22: 36....A 76803879.gnupg/gpg.conf

2020- 01- 0418: 24: 52....A 600.gnupg/random_seed

------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------

2020- 01- 0418: 24: 52828038795files, 2folders

解压文件

使用 e来解压文件，解压所有文件到当前目录。（不推荐使用）

[root @localhosttest]# 7z e gpg.7z

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive forarchives:

1 file, 4157 bytes( 5KiB)

Extracting archive: gpg.7z

Path = gpg.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 4157

Headers Size = 278

Method = LZMA2: 12k

Solid = +

Blocks = 1

Everything is Ok

Folders: 2

Files: 5

Size: 8280

Compressed: 4157

可以看到所有文件都解压到当前目录了。

现在使用 x参数解压文件看一下。

[root @localhosttest]# 7z x gpg.7z

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive forarchives:

1 file, 4157 bytes( 5KiB)

Extracting archive: gpg.7z

Path = gpg.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 4157

Headers Size = 278

Method = LZMA2: 12k

Solid = +

Blocks = 1

Everything is Ok

Folders: 2

Files: 5

Size: 8280

Compressed: 4157

可以看到解压出来的文件，按照原来文件的目录形式解压出来的。

更新压缩包

一段时间之后，需要将一些新文件添加到文件夹中，并且希望将他们添加到压缩包里面，可以不用创建一个新的压缩包，只需要更新现有的压缩包就可以。

首先将test目录压缩

[root @localhosttest]# 7z a files.7z test/

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive:

1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes

Creating archive: files.7z

Items to compress: 5

Files read from disk: 0

Archive size: 158 bytes( 1KiB)

Everything is Ok

在test文件夹中创建几个文件，然后再更新压缩包：

[root @localhosttest]# touch test/file{ 5.. 10}.txt

[root @localhosttest]# 7z u files.7z test/

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Open archive: files.7z

Path = files.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 158

Headers Size = 158

Solid = -

Blocks = 0

Scanning the drive:

1folder, 10files, 0bytes

Updating archive: files.7z

Items to compress: 7

Files read from disk: 0

Archive size: 186bytes ( 1KiB)

Everything is Ok

查看一下是否已经添加文件。

[root @localhosttest]# 7z l files.7z

p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)

Scanning the drive forarchives:

1 file, 186 bytes( 1KiB)

Listing archive: files.7z

Path = files.7z

Type = 7z

Physical Size = 186

Headers Size = 186

Solid = -

Blocks = 0

Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name

------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54D.... 00test

2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file1.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file10.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file2.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file3.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file4.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file5.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file6.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file7.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file8.txt

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file9.txt

------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------

2020- 03- 1114: 24: 540010files, 1folders

总结

本文至此结束，7z格式的压缩比例比ZIP格式的压缩比例高30%-50%。