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SpringBoot 接口层统一加密解密

2022-11-16  今日头条  Java架构学习指南
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1. 介绍

在我们日常的JAVA开发中,免不了和其他系统的业务交互,或者微服务之间的接口调用

如果我们想保证数据传输的安全,对接口出参加密,入参解密。

但是不想写重复代码,我们可以提供一个通用starter,提供通用加密解密功能

2. 前置知识

2.1 hutool-crypto加密解密工具

hutool-crypto提供了很多加密解密工具,包括对称加密,非对称加密,摘要加密等等,这不做详细介绍。

2.2 request流只能读取一次的问题

2.2.1 问题:

在接口调用链中,request的请求流只能调用一次,处理之后,如果之后还需要用到请求流获取数据,就会发现数据为空。

比如使用了filter或者aop在接口处理之前,获取了request中的数据,对参数进行了校验,那么之后就不能在获取request请求流了

2.2.2 解决办法

继承HttpServletRequestWrApper,将请求中的流copy一份,复写getInputStream和getReader方法供外部使用。每次调用后的getInputStream方法都是从复制出来的二进制数组中进行获取,这个二进制数组在对象存在期间一致存在。

使用Filter过滤器,在一开始,替换request为自己定义的可以多次读取流的request。

这样就实现了流的重复获取

InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;

 

import org.Apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
* 请求流支持多次获取
*/
public class InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

/**
* 用于缓存输入流
*/
private ByteArrayOutputStream cachedBytes;

public InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
}

@Override
public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
if (cachedBytes == null) {
// 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中
cacheInputStream();
}

// 从 缓存输入流 中获取流并返回
return new CachedServletInputStream(cachedBytes.toByteArray());
}

@Override
public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
}

/**
* 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中
*/
private void cacheInputStream() throws IOException {
// 缓存输入流以便多次读取。为了方便, 我使用 org.apache.commons IOUtils
cachedBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
IOUtils.copy(super.getInputStream(), cachedBytes);
}

/**
* 读取缓存的请求正文的输入流
*


* 用于根据 缓存输入流 创建一个可返回的
*/
public static class CachedServletInputStream extends ServletInputStream {

private final ByteArrayInputStream input;

public CachedServletInputStream(byte[] buf) {
// 从缓存的请求正文创建一个新的输入流
input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf);
}

@Override
public boolean isFinished() {
return false;
}

@Override
public boolean isReady() {
return false;
}

@Override
public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {

}

@Override
public int read() throws IOException {
return input.read();
}
}

}

HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.filter;

 

import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils.InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

import static org.springframework.core.Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description:
* 请求流转换为多次读取的请求流 过滤器
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:58
*/
@Component
@Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1) // 优先级最高
public class HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter implements Filter {

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

// 转换为可以多次获取流的request
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper = new InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest);

// 放行
chain.doFilter(inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper, response);
}
}

2.3 SpringBoot的参数校验validation

为了减少接口中,业务代码之前的大量冗余的参数校验代码

SpringBoot-validation提供了优雅的参数校验,入参都是实体类,在实体类字段上加上对应注解,就可以在进入方法之前,进行参数校验,如果参数错误,会抛出错误BindException,是不会进入方法的。

这种方法,必须要求在接口参数上加注解@Validated或者是@Valid

但是很多清空下,我们希望在代码中调用某个实体类的校验功能,所以需要如下工具类。推荐面试宝典:https://www.yoodb.com/

ParamException

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception;

 

import lombok.Getter;

import java.util.List;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description 自定义参数异常
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56
*/
@Getter
public class ParamException extends Exception {

private final List fieldList;
private final List msgList;

public ParamException(List fieldList, List msgList) {
this.fieldList = fieldList;
this.msgList = msgList;
}
}

ValidationUtils

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;

 

import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.CustomizeException;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.ParamException;

import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description 验证工具类
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56
*/
public class ValidationUtils {

private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator();

/**
* 验证数据
* @param object 数据
*/
public static void validate(Object object) throws CustomizeException {

Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object);

// 验证结果异常
throwParamException(validate);
}

/**
* 验证数据(分组)
* @param object 数据
* @param groups 所在组
*/
public static void validate(Object object, Class ... groups) throws CustomizeException {

Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object, groups);

// 验证结果异常
throwParamException(validate);
}

/**
* 验证数据中的某个字段(分组)
* @param object 数据
* @param propertyName 字段名称
*/
public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName) throws CustomizeException {
Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName);

// 验证结果异常
throwParamException(validate);

 

/**
* 验证数据中的某个字段(分组)
* @param object 数据
* @param propertyName 字段名称
* @param groups 所在组
*/
public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName, Class ... groups) throws CustomizeException {

Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName, groups);

// 验证结果异常
throwParamException(validate);

 

/**
* 验证结果异常
* @param validate 验证结果
*/
private static void throwParamException(Set> validate) throws CustomizeException {
if (validate.size() > 0) {
List fieldList = new LinkedList<>();
List msgList = new LinkedList<>();
for (ConstraintViolation next : validate) {
fieldList.add(next.getPropertyPath().toString());
msgList.add(next.getMessage());
}

throw new ParamException(fieldList, msgList);
}
}

 

2.5 自定义starter

自定义starter步骤

 

 

2.6 RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice

 

3. 功能介绍

 

接口相应数据的时候,返回的是加密之后的数据 接口入参的时候,接收的是解密之后的数据,但是在进入接口之前,会自动解密,取得对应的数据

4. 功能细节

加密解密使用对称加密的AES算法,使用hutool-crypto模块进行实现

所有的实体类提取一个公共父类,包含属性时间戳,用于加密数据返回之后的实效性,如果超过60分钟,那么其他接口将不进行处理。

如果接口加了加密注解EncryptionAnnotation,并且返回统一的json数据Result类,则自动对数据进行加密。如果是继承了统一父类RequestBase的数据,自动注入时间戳,确保数据的时效性

如果接口加了解密注解DecryptionAnnotation,并且参数使用RequestBody注解标注,传入json使用统一格式RequestData类,并且内容是继承了包含时间长的父类RequestBase,则自动解密,并且转为对应的数据类型

功能提供Springboot的starter,实现开箱即用

5. 代码实现

https://gitee.com/springboot-hlh/spring-boot-csdn/tree/master/09-spring-boot-interface-crypto

 

5.1 项目结构

5.2 crypto-common5.2.1 结构5.3 crypto-spring-boot-starter 5.3.1 接口5.3.2 重要代码

crypto.properties AES需要的参数配置

# 模式 cn.hutool.crypto.Mode
crypto.mode=CTS
# 补码方式 cn.hutool.crypto.Mode
crypto.padding=PKCS5Padding
# 秘钥
crypto.key=testkey123456789
# 盐
crypto.iv=testiv1234567890

spring.factories 自动配置文件

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
xyz.hlh.crypto.config.AppConfig

CryptConfig AES需要的配置参数

package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;

 

import cn.hutool.crypto.Mode;
import cn.hutool.crypto.Padding;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description: AES需要的配置参数
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:16
*/
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "crypto")
@PropertySource("classpath:crypto.properties")
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Getter
public class CryptConfig implements Serializable {

private Mode mode;
private Padding padding;
private String key;
private String iv;

}

AppConfig 自动配置类

package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;

 

import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description: 自动配置类
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:12
*/
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

@Resource
private CryptConfig cryptConfig;

@Bean
public AES aes() {
return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}

}

DecryptRequestBodyAdvice请求自动解密

package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;

 

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.ParamException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestData;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description: requestBody 自动解密
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {

@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

/**
* 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的,进入此拦截器
* @param methodParameter 方法参数对象
* @param targetType 参数的类型
* @param converterType 消息转换器
* @return true,进入,false,跳过
*/
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class);
}

@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) throws IOException {
return inputMessage;
}

/**
* 转换之后,执行此方法,解密,赋值
* @param body spring解析完的参数
* @param inputMessage 输入参数
* @param parameter 参数对象
* @param targetType 参数类型
* @param converterType 消息转换类型
* @return 真实的参数
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {

// 获取request
RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes;
if (servletRequestAttributes == null) {
throw new ParamException("request错误");
}

HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest();

// 获取数据
ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class);

if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) {
throw new ParamException("参数错误");
}

// 获取加密的数据
String text = requestData.getText();

// 放入解密之前的数据
request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text);

// 解密
String decryptText = null;
try {
decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ParamException("解密失败");
}

if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) {
throw new ParamException("解密失败");
}

// 放入解密之后的数据
request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText);

// 获取结果
Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass());

// 强制所有实体类必须继承RequestBase类,设置时间戳
if (result instanceof RequestBase) {
// 获取时间戳
Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis();
// 有效期 60秒
long effective = 60*1000;

// 时间差
long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis;

// 是否在有效期内
if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) {
throw new ParamException("时间戳不合法");
}

// 返回解密之后的数据
return result;
} else {
throw new ParamException(String.format("请求参数类型:%s 未继承:%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName()));
}
}

/**
* 如果body为空,转为空对象
* @param body spring解析完的参数
* @param inputMessage 输入参数
* @param parameter 参数对象
* @param targetType 参数类型
* @param converterType 消息转换类型
* @return 真实的参数
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
String typeName = targetType.getTypeName();
Class bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName);
return bodyClass.newInstance();
}
}

EncryptResponseBodyAdvice相应自动加密

package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;

 

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.CryptoException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;

import java.lang.reflect.Type;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description:
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class EncryptResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {

@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class> converterType) {
ParameterizedTypeImpl genericParameterType = (ParameterizedTypeImpl)returnType.getGenericParameterType();

// 如果直接是Result,则返回
if (genericParameterType.getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {
return true;
}

if (genericParameterType.getRawType() != ResponseEntity.class) {
return false;
}

// 如果是ResponseEntity
for (Type type : genericParameterType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
if (((ParameterizedTypeImpl) type).getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {
return true;
}
}

return false;
}

@SneakyThrows
@Override
public Result beforeBodyWrite(Result body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {

// 加密
Object data = body.getData();

// 如果data为空,直接返回
if (data == null) {
return body;
}

// 如果是实体,并且继承了Request,则放入时间戳
if (data instanceof RequestBase) {
((RequestBase)data).setCurrentTimeMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
}

String dataText = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data);

// 如果data为空,直接返回
if (StringUtils.isBlank(dataText)) {
return body;
}

// 如果位数小于16,报错
if (dataText.length() < 16) {
throw new CryptoException("加密失败,数据小于16位");
}

String encryptText = AESUtil.encryptHex(dataText);

return Result.builder()
.status(body.getStatus())
.data(encryptText)
.message(body.getMessage())
.build();
}
}

5.4 crypto-test 5.4.1 结构5.4.2 重要代码

application.yml 配置文件

spring:
mvc:
format:
date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
date: yyyy-MM-dd
# 日期格式化
jackson:
date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

Teacher 实体类

package xyz.hlh.crypto.entity;

 

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;

 

import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description: Teacher实体类,使用SpringBoot的validation校验
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 10:21
*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class Teacher extends RequestBase implements Serializable {

@NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空")
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
@Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄不合法")
private Integer age;
@NotNull(message = "生日不能为空")
private Date birthday;

}

TestController 测试Controller

package xyz.hlh.crypto.controller;

 

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.ResultBuilder;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.Teacher;

/**
* @author HLH
* @description: 测试Controller
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:16
*/
@RestController
public class TestController implements ResultBuilder {

/**
* 直接返回对象,不加密
* @param teacher Teacher对象
* @return 不加密的对象
*/
@PostMapping("/get")
public ResponseEntity> get(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher);
}

/**
* 返回加密后的数据
* @param teacher Teacher对象
* @return 返回加密后的数据 ResponseBody格式
*/
@PostMapping("/encrypt")
@EncryptionAnnotation
public ResponseEntity> encrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher);
}

/**
* 返回加密后的数据
* @param teacher Teacher对象
* @return 返回加密后的数据 Result格式
*/
@PostMapping("/encrypt1")
@EncryptionAnnotation
public Result encrypt1(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher).getBody();
}

/**
* 返回解密后的数据
* @param teacher Teacher对象
* @return 返回解密后的数据
*/
@PostMapping("/decrypt")
@DecryptionAnnotation
public ResponseEntity> decrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher);
}

}

 

作者:HLH_2021 https://blog.csdn.NET/HLH_2021/article/details/122785888
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