深入了解山鬼花钱：独特的艺术造型与历史文化背景
山鬼雷公花钱是道教辟邪的代表作品之一，其铸刻的咒语大多是：山鬼 雷霆 杀鬼降精 斩妖辟邪 永保神清 奉太上老君急急如律令勅（敕） 雷公。山鬼其实并不是真正意义上的山鬼，而是花钱上的符箓形似文字“山鬼”，因此人们便约定俗成称此类花钱为山鬼花钱，也有称之为雷霆花钱、雷神花钱、雷公花钱、辟邪花钱等等，或者统称为山鬼雷公花钱。其基本形式一面是山鬼、雷公符箓及符咒文，一面主要是八卦、神仙图案或其它图文。
The mountAIn ghost thunder Lord spend money is one of the representative works of Taoist exorcism, most of the mantra is: mountain ghost thunder kill demon to ward off evil forever protect the old Lord as law Church (decree) thunder Lord.In fact, the mountain ghost is not the real sense of the mountain ghost, but the character on spending money looks like the text "mountain ghost", so people agreed to call such money for mountain ghost money, also called thunder money, thunder money, evil money and so on, or collectively referred to as the mountain ghost thunder money.Its basic form is the mountain ghost, lei Gong Lu and charm text, on the other side is mainly eight diagrams, fairy patterns or other pictures.
山鬼”，有着种种不同版本的传说。“山鬼”，最早出现在我国战国时期屈原所著的诗歌《九歌》里的第九首《山鬼》。屈原，是我国历史上战国时期伟大的政治家和思想家，是我国文学史上著名的古代诗人。屈原在政治上一直不得志，被同僚排挤，被楚王流放，只有把信念放在依靠“神”，“山鬼”也就是“山神”。在屈原《山鬼》中的“山鬼”就是屈原的化身，也就是屈原心中的女神，她满怀喜悦的心情去与情人约会，结果情人失约没来，天色渐晚，雷雨大作，“山鬼”在风雨交加电闪雷鸣的凄惨夜色中，伤心绝望地离去。
“山鬼”有很多种说法，有的说是巫山神女“瑶姬”。宋代时期，楚辞学家洪兴祖在《楚辞补注山鬼》题解中说:“《庄子》曰：‘山有夔’。《淮南》曰:‘山出魈阳’，楚人所祭，岂此类乎?”夔之为物，习见于典籍，传为一足怪物。魈阳，《淮南子汜论训》高诱注云:“山精也。人形，长大，面黑色，身有毛，足反踵，见人则笑。”人们说山鬼是独足精怪。明代时期，很多文史学者认为山鬼就是山神。
Mountain ghost ", has a variety of different versions of the legend."Mountain ghost" first Appeared in the ninth song "Mountain Ghost" in Qu Yuan's poem "Nine Songs" in the Warring States Period.Qu Yuan, is a great statesman and thinker in the Warring States Period in Chinese history, is a famous ancient poet in the history of Chinese literature.Qu Yuan had been politically fRustrated and was excluded by his colleagues and exiled by the king of Chu. He had only to put his faith on the "god", and the "mountain ghost" is also the "mountain god".In Qu Yuan "mountain ghost" in the "mountain ghost" is the incarnation of Qu Yuan, which is the goddess in Qu Yuan's heart, she is full of happy mood to date with the lover, the result lover appointment did not come, the sky Gradually late, the thunderstorm masterpiece, "mountain ghost" in the wind and rain and lightning and thunder in the sad night, sad and desperate to leave.
"Mountain ghost" has many kinds of words, some say that the Wushan goddess "Yao Ji".In the Song Dynasty, Hong Xingzu, a rhetorician of Chu, said in the title of "The Mountain Ghost:" Zhuangzi said: 'Mountains have Kui'."Huainan" said: 'the mountain out of the sun', the Chu people sacrifice, what is this?"Kui is a thing, learned in the ancient books, passed down as a foot monster.Yang, "Huainan Zi on training" high lure cloud: " mountain essence.Human form, grow up, black face, the body has hair, foot anti heel, see people smile."People say that mountain ghosts are unique monsters.During the Ming Dynasty, many scholars of literature and history thought that mountain ghosts were mountain gods.
花钱正面是楷体阳文：山鬼，雷霆杀鬼降精斩妖辟邪永保神清奉太上老君急急如律令敕。
山鬼纹饰花钱的背面，是楷体阳文八卦纹饰和乾—兑—离—震—巽—坎—艮—坤八个楷书阳文，八个阳文字就是八卦方位，其卦序是“天（乾位），金（兑位），山（离位），水（震位），火（巽位），风（坎位），木（艮位），地（坤位）”。
山鬼纹饰花钱中的文字“急急如律令”是道教中的一种咒语“五雷猛将，火车将军，腾天倒地，驱雷奔云，队仗千万，统领神兵，开旗急召，不得稽停。急急如律令！”。我国道教源于汉代，“律令”是周穆王时一个人的名字，这个人的特长就是跑得飞快，死后，此人变成雷神。传说古代西北一种神兽，形状如马，跑的特快，就是律令这个人变的。“急急如律令”意思就是希望太上老君解救人们的苦难时的速度，来的如律令那样快。
Spend money front is regular script body Yang Wen: mountain ghost, thunder kill ghost kill demon to ward off evil spirits forever protect god qing qing serve too on the old gentleman urgent such as law order edict.
Mountain ghost decoration on the back of the money, is Yang gossip grain and qian-with-from-earthquake-xun-kan-gen-kun eight regular script Yang wen, eight Yang characters is gossip orientation, the hexagrams order is "day (qian), gold (against), mountain (displacement), (water (earthquake), fire (sunda), wind (camp), wood (gen), to (kun)".
Mountain ghost decoration to spend money in the text "urgent as the law" is a mantra in Taoism " five thunder fierce general, train general, teng the sky to the ground, drive thunder rush cloud, team battle ten million, lead the divine soldiers, open the flag urgent call, not to stop.Urgent as the law!”。Taoism in China originated in the Han Dynasty. "Law decree" was the name of a person when King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty. This person's specialty was to run fast. After his death, this person became Thor.Legend has it that the ancient northwest of a god beast, shape like a horse, running fast, is the law of this person changed."Urgent as the law orders" means that the old Lord can save people's suffering as fast as the law orders them.
山鬼纹饰花钱的背面是八卦纹饰，八卦纹饰据说是人文始祖伏羲研究龙马身上的毛发而创造发明。八卦纹饰，最早见于《易经》，阴阳五行是《易经》的中心学说。《易经》的思想，象一条永不干涸的河流，千百年来在中国人的心中流淌；像一首动人的歌，代代在炎黄子孙口中传唱。几千年了，人们生活的很多方面，还都是在阴阳五行相生相克的原理中传承发展。“太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦”。一枚山鬼纹饰花钱，朴素的纹饰，简洁的文字，显示着民族文化的博大精深，展示着中华文化的深邃底蕴，花钱虽说流通时间长，但是存世量稀少.收藏价值极高。
On the back of the mountain ghost decoration for spending money is the Bagua decoration, which is said to be invented by Fuxi, the ancestor of humanity, for studying the hair on the dragon and horse.The eight diagrams were first seen in the Book of Changes, and Yin, Yang and the five elements are the central theory of the Book of Changes.The thought of the Book of Changes, like a river that never dries up, flows in the hearts of the Chinese people for thousands of years; like a moving song, sung in the mouth of the Chinese people.For thousands of years, many aspects of people's life have been inherited and developed in the principle of Yin and Yang and the five elements."Tai Chi produces two instruments, two instruments produces four elephants, four elephants produce eight diagrams".A mountain ghost decoration to spend money, simple decoration, simple The text shows the extensive and profound national culture and the profound deposits of Chinese culture. Although the money flows for a long time, it is rare. The collection value is extremely high。
