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用python写一个下载文件的小工具

2021-01-18    
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带你用python写一个下载文件的小工具

 

Python

关于Python，相信很多人都有所耳闻。经过近三十年的发展，再加上近几年AI的兴起，Python作为一种科学语言的流行程度急剧上升。而Python语法简单、语句清晰的特点，可以让程序员把精力集中在业务逻辑上，减轻我们的压力。毕竟人生苦短，我用Python。看看Python之父--Guido van Rossum的发量，在对比下JAVA之父——James Gosling。。。

带你用python写一个下载文件的小工具

 

Python之父

带你用python写一个下载文件的小工具

 

Java之父

 

开发环境

需求分析

我们需要做一个下载文件并压缩保存的小工具，最好能多个目的地址同时下载。所以我们会用到以下功能：

开始撸代码

引入必要的包

import paramiko
import threading
import json
import os
import sys from stat 
import S_ISDIR as isdir
import logging
import zipfile
import time

获取ftp连接

#建立连接，获取sftp句柄

def sftp_connect(username,password,host,port):

    global logger

    client = None

    sftp = None

    try:

        client = paramiko.Transport((host,port))

    except Exception as error:

        logger.error(error)

    else:

        try:

            client.connect(username=username, password=password)

        except Exception as error:

            logger.error(error)

        else:

            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(client)

    return client,sftp

断开ftp连接

#断开连接

def disconnect(client):

    global logger

    try:

        client.close()

    except Exception as error:

        logger.error(error)



def check_local(localPath):

    global logger

    if not os.path.exists(localPath):

        try:

            os.mkdir(localPath)

        except IOError as err:

            logger.error(err)

从ftp服务器下载文件

#下载方法

def downLoad(client, sftp, remote, local):

    global logger

    #检查远程文件

    try:

        result = sftp.stat(remote)

    except IOError as err:

        error = '[ERROR %s] %s: %s' %(err.errno,os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(remote)),err.strerror)

        logger.error(error)

    else:

        if isdir(result.st_mode):

            dirname = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(remote))

            local = os.path.join(local, dirname)

            #local = local.replace("\","/")

            check_local(local)

            for file in sftp.listdir(remote):

                sub_remote = os.path.join(remote, file)

                sub_remote = sub_remote.replace("\","/")

                downLoad(client, sftp,sub_remote,local)

        else:

            if os.path.isdir(local):

                local = os.path.join(local, os.path.basename(remote))

            try:

                sftp.get(remote, local)

            except IOError as err:

                logger.error(err)

            else:

                logger.info('[get] %s %s %s', remote, '==>', local)

                lock.acquire()

                global finish

                finish += 1

                lock.release()

                logger.info('已下载 [%d] 个文件', finish)

压缩文件

#压缩文件

def writeAllFileToZip(absDir,zipFile):

    global logger

    for f in os.listdir(absDir):

        absFile=os.path.join(absDir,f) #子文件的绝对路径

        if os.path.isdir(absFile): #判断是文件夹，继续深度读取。

            zipFile.write(absFile) #在zip文件中创建文件夹

            logger.info('写入 %s 到压缩包 %s 成功', absFile, zipFile.filename)

            writeAllFileToZip(absFile,zipFile) #递归操作

        else: #判断是普通文件，直接写到zip文件中。

            zipFile.write(absFile)

            logger.info('写入 %s 到压缩包 %s 成功', absFile, zipFile.filename)

    return

主方法（程序入口）

if __name__ == "__main__":

    #日志

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format ='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

    logger = logging.getLogger()

    logFormatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

    handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")

    handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)

    handler.setFormatter(logFormatter)

    console = logging.StreamHandler()

    console.setLevel(logging.INFO)

    console.setFormatter(logFormatter)

    logger.addHandler(handler)

    #logger.addHandler(console)

    #锁

    lock = threading.Lock()

    #条件

    finish = 0

    #读取配置文件

    configFile = open('config.json')

    configs = json.loads(configFile.read())

    configFile.close()



    logger.info('工作目录：%s', configs['workDir'])

    #检查本地工作目录（父目录）

    check_local(configs['workDir'])

    threadList = []

    for config in configs['threads']:

        logger.info("=======================配置信息 start=============================")

        logger.info("HostAddress %s",config['HostAddress'])

        logger.info('Port %s', config['Port'])

        logger.info('Username %s',config['Username'])

        logger.info('Password %s',config['Password'])

        logger.info('RemotePath %s',config['RemotePath'])

        logger.info('LocalPath %s',config['LocalPath'])

        logger.info("=======================配置信息 end=============================")

        client,sftp = sftp_connect(config['Username'],config['Password'],config['HostAddress'],config['Port'])

        #创建本地目录

        check_local(config['LocalPath'])

        #多线程

        t = threading.Thread(target=downLoad, args=(client, sftp, config['RemotePath'], config['LocalPath']))

        t.start()

        threadList.Append(t)

        #单线程

        #downLoad(client, sftp, config['RemotePath'], config['LocalPath'])

    for t in threadList:

        t.join()



    #压缩

    # while threading.active_count() == 1:

    logger.info('=======================准备开始压缩==========================')

    #time.sleep(3)

    logger.info('==========================开始压缩。。。==========================')

    check_local(configs['zipDir'])

    zipFilePath = os.path.join(configs['zipDir'], configs['zipName'] + '.zip')

    zipFile = zipfile.ZipFile(zipFilePath, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED, allowZip64=True)

    absZipFileDir = configs['workDir']

    writeAllFileToZip(absZipFileDir, zipFile)

    logger.info('==========================压缩完成==========================')

    #保留终端

    print("Press Enter to continue ...")

    input()

配置文件

{

    "workDir": "F:/temp",

    "zipDir": "F:/result",

    "zipName": "rrrr",

    "threads": [{

            "HostAddress": "10.7.5.69",

            "Port": 22,

            "Username": "ftpuser",

            "Password": "ftpuser",

            "RemotePath": "/app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019",

            "LocalPath": "F:/temp/1"

        },

        {

            "HostAddress": "10.7.5.69",

            "Port": 22,

            "Username": "ftpuser",

            "Password": "ftpuser",

            "RemotePath": "/app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019",

            "LocalPath": "F:/temp/2"

        },

        {

            "HostAddress": "10.7.5.69",

            "Port": 22,

            "Username": "ftpuser",

            "Password": "ftpuser",

            "RemotePath": "/app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019",

            "LocalPath": "F:/temp/3"

        }

    ]

}

源码讲解

这里我们做的其实是一个Python脚本，像是shell脚本。程序入口在主方法，进入主方法后我们干了几件事：

声明日志，固定了日志输出的格式、日志等级和输出日志的目的地（日志文件和终端）。输出日志到日志文件用于保存日志，便于日后查看，输出到终端是让用户及时了解程序在做什么，做到什么程度了。

声明一个锁。这个所是为了下载文件计数，保证下载文件时，只有一个线程可以操作变量finish。

读取配置文件。想要开始执行，得先获取咱们的配置文件，让程序知道它连接那一台服务器，下载哪个目录下的文件到本地哪个目录，等等……

检查本地工作目录。为了减少用户配置的错误，避免他/她配了一个不存在的地址导致程序找不到目录而引发错误，所以我们要判断目录是否存在，是否需要创建目录。

根据配置文件threads中的配置，循环创建线程，完成读取本线程需要的配置文件、连接ftp、下载文件的操作。

压缩文件。拼接文件目录，保证压缩文件的目录关系不变，调用压缩文件方法。

美化结束动作，如果没有这一步，程序跑完就会关闭当前终端，导致用户无法了解程序是跑完了，还是中间出了问题关闭了。输出一段文字告诉用户可以按Enter来结束程序，并且用input()监听用户的输入，达到保留终端的效果。

查看日志文件

2020-01-19 13:35:33,253 - root - INFO - 工作目录： F:/temp
2020-01-19 13:35:33,254 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 start=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,256 - root - INFO - HostAddress 10.7.5.69
2020-01-19 13:35:33,257 - root - INFO - Port 22
2020-01-19 13:35:33,258 - root - INFO - Username ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,259 - root - INFO - Password ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,260 - root - INFO - RemotePath /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019
2020-01-19 13:35:33,260 - root - INFO - LocalPath F:/temp/1
2020-01-19 13:35:33,261 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 end=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,290 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_5.5)
2020-01-19 13:35:33,638 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Authentication (password) successful!
2020-01-19 13:35:33,656 - paramiko.transport.sftp - INFO - [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
2020-01-19 13:35:33,659 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 start=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,660 - root - INFO - HostAddress 10.7.5.69
2020-01-19 13:35:33,661 - root - INFO - Port 22
2020-01-19 13:35:33,661 - root - INFO - Username ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,662 - root - INFO - Password ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,663 - root - INFO - RemotePath /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019
2020-01-19 13:35:33,664 - root - INFO - LocalPath F:/temp/2
2020-01-19 13:35:33,665 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 end=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,680 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_5.5)
2020-01-19 13:35:33,987 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019222 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222
2020-01-19 13:35:33,987 - root - INFO - 已下载 [1] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,011 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201922 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922
2020-01-19 13:35:34,012 - root - INFO - 已下载 [2] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,032 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Authentication (password) successful!
2020-01-19 13:35:34,047 - paramiko.transport.sftp - INFO - [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
2020-01-19 13:35:34,050 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 start=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,051 - root - INFO - HostAddress 10.7.5.69
2020-01-19 13:35:34,052 - root - INFO - Port 22
2020-01-19 13:35:34,052 - root - INFO - Username ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:34,053 - root - INFO - Password ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:34,054 - root - INFO - RemotePath /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019
2020-01-19 13:35:34,055 - root - INFO - LocalPath F:/temp/3
2020-01-19 13:35:34,056 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 end=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,060 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/tmp001.xls ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls
2020-01-19 13:35:34,071 - root - INFO - 已下载 [3] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,072 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_5.5)
2020-01-19 13:35:34,095 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019111 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111
2020-01-19 13:35:34,096 - root - INFO - 已下载 [4] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,118 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019222 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222
2020-01-19 13:35:34,118 - root - INFO - 已下载 [5] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,123 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201911 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911
2020-01-19 13:35:34,124 - root - INFO - 已下载 [6] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,258 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201922 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922
2020-01-19 13:35:34,258 - root - INFO - 已下载 [7] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,449 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/tmp001.xls ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls
2020-01-19 13:35:34,450 - root - INFO - 已下载 [8] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,464 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Authentication (password) successful!
2020-01-19 13:35:34,479 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019111 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111
2020-01-19 13:35:34,480 - root - INFO - 已下载 [9] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,480 - paramiko.transport.sftp - INFO - [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
2020-01-19 13:35:34,508 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201911 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911
2020-01-19 13:35:34,509 - root - INFO - 已下载 [10] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,552 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019222 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222
2020-01-19 13:35:34,552 - root - INFO - 已下载 [11] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,576 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201922 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922
2020-01-19 13:35:34,576 - root - INFO - 已下载 [12] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,624 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/tmp001.xls ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls
2020-01-19 13:35:34,624 - root - INFO - 已下载 [13] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,649 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019111 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111
2020-01-19 13:35:34,649 - root - INFO - 已下载 [14] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,675 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201911 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911
2020-01-19 13:35:34,675 - root - INFO - 已下载 [15] 个文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,677 - root - INFO - =======================准备开始压缩==========================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,678 - root - INFO - ==========================开始压缩。。。==========================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,682 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,684 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,686 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,696 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,698 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,700 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,702 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,716 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,717 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,718 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,720 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,723 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,738 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,740 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,742 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,745 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,768 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,770 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,772 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,774 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,776 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,790 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,792 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,794 - root - INFO - 写入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls 到压缩包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,794 - root - INFO - ==========================压缩完成==========================

使用pyinstaller打包

 

pyinstaller -F -i .downRecordFile.ico recoderFileDownload.py

使用Python32位pyinstaller出来的是运行于32位windows操作系统的程序，Python64位则适用于64位Windows操作系统。

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