最终效果

定义一个函数获取图形界面输入的内容并将输入的中文转为Unicode后显示到图形界面

    def to_unicode(self):
        # 获取中文文本框内容
        value_text=self.textEdit.toPlainText()
        print('输入的中文内容为:{}'.format(value_text))
        # 转为Unicode
        unicode_text=value_text.encode("unicode_escape")
        print('输入内容的Unicode为:{}'.format(unicode_text))
        # 通过textBrowser进行展示
        # self.textBrowser.setPlainText(str(unicode_text).replace("b", ""))
        self.textBrowser.setPlainText(str(unicode_text).strip("b'"))

self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.to_unicode)# 设置按钮的功能函数

修改后的全代码

main.py

import sys
from 中文转Unicode import Ui_MainWindow
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow = QMainWindow()
    ui=Ui_MainWindow()
    
    # 向主窗口上添加控件
    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)
    mainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

中文转Unicode.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file '.中文转Unicode.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.0
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(437, 344)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.gridLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.gridLayout_3.setObjectName("gridLayout_3")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.groupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.groupBox.setObjectName("groupBox")
        self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.groupBox)
        self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")
        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.groupBox)
        self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")
        self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.textEdit, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.groupBox)
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(218, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(68, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem1)
        self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
        self.groupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.groupBox_2.setObjectName("groupBox_2")
        self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.groupBox_2)
        self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
        self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.groupBox_2)
        self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.textBrowser, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.groupBox_2)
        self.gridLayout_3.addLayout(self.verticalLayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.to_unicode)# 设置按钮的功能函数
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
        MainWindow.setTabOrder(self.textEdit, self.pushButton)
        MainWindow.setTabOrder(self.pushButton, self.textBrowser)
        
        
        
    def to_unicode(self):
        # 获取中文文本框内容
        value_text=self.textEdit.toPlainText()
        print('输入的中文内容为:{}'.format(value_text))
        # 转为Unicode
        unicode_text=value_text.encode("unicode_escape")
        print('输入内容的Unicode为:{}'.format(unicode_text))
        # 通过textBrowser进行展示
        # self.textBrowser.setPlainText(str(unicode_text).replace("b", ""))
        self.textBrowser.setPlainText(str(unicode_text).strip("b'"))
        

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "中文转Unicode"))
        self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "中文"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "中文转Unicode"))
        self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Unicode"))

运行

执行程序