利用docker轻松搭建Redis-Cluster集群环境
2020-10-22
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简介
redis Cluster是Redis官方的一个高可用分布式解决方案，其优点是高可用，缺点是不能保证数据强一致。在这里使用Docker容器来搭建一套6节点（3主，3从）Redis-Cluster集群环境。
环境准备
操作系统版本：centos linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
docker版本：19.03.13
服务器IP地址：192.168.112.136
redis版本：5.0.9
redis实例端口：8001--8006
docker安装
首先需要在CentOS系统上安装好docker软件，目前docker软件分为社区版ce和企业版ee，企业版是需要收费的，所以在这里使用社区版，要安装docker软件，CentOS系统的内核版本高于 3.10。
下面是docker安装步骤
yum install -y yum-utils device-mApper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install docker-ce
启动并加入开机启动
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
由于docker默认是从国外拉取镜像，速度会比较慢，所以需要配置docker从国内的镜像网站拉取镜像，其配置步骤如下所示
docker hub 镜像加速资源列表
将国内镜像网站添加到daemon.json配置文件
>/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com",
"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
]
}
添加完成之后，需要重启docker服务器，使配置生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
docker服务器重启之后，使用docker info命令，检查配置是否生效
redis镜像拉取
在docker-hub官网，有很多版本的redis镜像可供选择，在这里，选择redis:5.0.9-buster进行拉取
redis镜像
[root@MySQL ~]# docker pull redis:5.0.9-buster
[root@mysql ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.0.9-buster c440306287f4 7 days ago 98.3MB
创建redis目录和配置文件
由于这里需要配置6个redis实例的配置文件，所以在这里，可以先创建一个模板配置文件，之后使用代码批量替换的方式来创建每个redis的配置文件。
创建模板文件
创建目录
mkdir -p /data/docker_redis/
编写redis_cluster.conf.template文件
vi redis_cluster.conf.template
port ${PORT}
requirepass 1234
masterauth 1234
protected-mode no
daemonize no
appendonly yes
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip 192.168.112.136
cluster-announce-port ${PORT}
cluster-announce-bus-port 1${PORT}
在这里需要讲解2个参数
cluster-announce-port：此端口为redis提供服务端口，用于应用客户端连接
cluster-announce-bus-port：此端口用于redis集群进行故障检测、配置更新、故障转移授权和内部通讯使用，不用于应用客户端连接使用。
创建6个redis实例的数据目录，配置文件目录和配置文件
for port in `seq 8001 8006`; do
mkdir -p /data/redis_data/${port}/conf
&& PORT=${port} envsubst < /data/docker_redis/redis_cluster.conf.template > /data/redis_data/${port}/conf/redis.conf
&& mkdir -p /data/redis_data/${port}/data;
done
使用tree命令检查创建的目录和文件
[root@mysql data]$ tree redis_data/
redis_data/
|-- 8001
| |-- conf
| | `-- redis.conf
| `-- data
|-- 8002
| |-- conf
| | `-- redis.conf
| `-- data
|-- 8003
| |-- conf
| | `-- redis.conf
| `-- data
|-- 8004
| |-- conf
| | `-- redis.conf
| `-- data
|-- 8005
| |-- conf
| | `-- redis.conf
| `-- data
`-- 8006
|-- conf
| `-- redis.conf
`-- data
18 directories, 6 files
批量创建容器
在这里使用for循环批量创建redis容器，代码如下所示
for port in $(seq 8001 8006); do
docker run -d -it -p ${port}:${port} -p 1${port}:1${port} --restart always --name redis-${port}
-v /data/redis_data/${port}/conf/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
-v /data/redis_data/${port}/data:/data
redis:5.0.9-buster redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf;
done
在这里使用-v参数，让容器的redis配置参数和数据全部使用宿主机的文件目录。这样做的好处是，保证redis的数据不丢失。
查看刚刚创建的redis容器
[root@mysql data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f4c971ce2d84 redis:5.0.9-buster "docker-entrypoint.s鈥 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8006->8006/tcp, 6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18006->18006/tcp redis-8006
1b5a8b0a1c93 redis:5.0.9-buster "docker-entrypoint.s鈥 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:8005->8005/tcp, 6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18005->18005/tcp redis-8005
35d8fe01fc71 redis:5.0.9-buster "docker-entrypoint.s鈥 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:8004->8004/tcp, 6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18004->18004/tcp redis-8004
408e5302378a redis:5.0.9-buster "docker-entrypoint.s鈥 8 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:8003->8003/tcp, 6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18003->18003/tcp redis-8003
c1c23c543233 redis:5.0.9-buster "docker-entrypoint.s鈥 8 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:8002->8002/tcp, 6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18002->18002/tcp redis-8002
c752fab6c6b8 redis:5.0.9-buster "docker-entrypoint.s鈥 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:8001->8001/tcp, 6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18001->18001/tcp redis-8001
创建redis-cluster集群
6个redis容器创建好之后，选择其中的一个容器进入，进行redis-cluster集群创建
[root@mysql bin]# docker-enter f4c971ce2d84
root@f4c971ce2d84:~# redis-cli -a 1234 --cluster create 192.168.112.136:8001 192.168.112.136:8002 192.168.112.136:8003 192.168.112.136:8004 192.168.112.136:8005 192.168.112.136:8006 --cluster-replicas 1
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.112.136:8005 to 192.168.112.136:8001
Adding replica 192.168.112.136:8006 to 192.168.112.136:8002
Adding replica 192.168.112.136:8004 to 192.168.112.136:8003
>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity
[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master
M: c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 192.168.112.136:8001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 192.168.112.136:8002
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 192.168.112.136:8003
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: 96d2cb55f163ecc13a714ba01d90348c1c3ad02f 192.168.112.136:8004
replicates c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2
S: 8a771c26a95e82d9a6818e372d7c0226937670ac 192.168.112.136:8005
replicates 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76
S: aa7c2f6173904973f041b35efc5200359188eb0f 192.168.112.136:8006
replicates d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
.
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.112.136:8001)
M: c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 192.168.112.136:8001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 192.168.112.136:8002
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 96d2cb55f163ecc13a714ba01d90348c1c3ad02f 192.168.112.136:8004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2
S: aa7c2f6173904973f041b35efc5200359188eb0f 192.168.112.136:8006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964
S: 8a771c26a95e82d9a6818e372d7c0226937670ac 192.168.112.136:8005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76
M: d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 192.168.112.136:8003
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
上述命令执行之后，redis-cluster集群就搭建好了，下面是整个redis-cluster集群的架构图
redis-cluster集群架构图
redis-cluster集群状态检查
检查redis-cluster集群状态
root@f4c971ce2d84:~# redis-cli -a 1234 --cluster check 192.168.112.136:8001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.112.136:8001 (c9e549f4...) -> 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
192.168.112.136:8002 (0956927e...) -> 0 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves.
192.168.112.136:8003 (d6321788...) -> 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
[OK] 0 keys in 3 masters.
0.00 keys per slot on average.
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.112.136:8001)
M: c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 192.168.112.136:8001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 192.168.112.136:8002
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 96d2cb55f163ecc13a714ba01d90348c1c3ad02f 192.168.112.136:8004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2
S: aa7c2f6173904973f041b35efc5200359188eb0f 192.168.112.136:8006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964
S: 8a771c26a95e82d9a6818e372d7c0226937670ac 192.168.112.136:8005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76
M: d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 192.168.112.136:8003
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
检查redis集群节点信息
root@f4c971ce2d84:~# redis-cli -c -a 1234 -h 192.168.112.136 -p 8001
192.168.112.136:8001> cluster nodes
0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 192.168.112.136:8002@18002 master - 0 1603265855374 2 connected 5461-10922
96d2cb55f163ecc13a714ba01d90348c1c3ad02f 192.168.112.136:8004@18004 slave c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 0 1603265856080 4 connected
aa7c2f6173904973f041b35efc5200359188eb0f 192.168.112.136:8006@18006 slave d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 0 1603265855575 6 connected
8a771c26a95e82d9a6818e372d7c0226937670ac 192.168.112.136:8005@18005 slave 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 0 1603265855575 5 connected
d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 192.168.112.136:8003@18003 master - 0 1603265856382 3 connected 10923-16383
c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 192.168.112.136:8001@18001 myself,master - 0 1603265855000 1 connected 0-5460
在这里可以很清晰明了的看到有3个master节点和3个slave节点的IP地址和端口信息。
redis-cluster连接测试
redis-cluster搭建好之后，随意连接一个redis节点，无论是主节点还是从节点都可以，在这里选择连接一个从节点。
192.168.112.136:8001> cluster nodes
0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 192.168.112.136:8002@18002 master - 0 1603265855374 2 connected 5461-10922
96d2cb55f163ecc13a714ba01d90348c1c3ad02f 192.168.112.136:8004@18004 slave c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 0 1603265856080 4 connected
aa7c2f6173904973f041b35efc5200359188eb0f 192.168.112.136:8006@18006 slave d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 0 1603265855575 6 connected
8a771c26a95e82d9a6818e372d7c0226937670ac 192.168.112.136:8005@18005 slave 0956927ee74737d5ff91a1885e77f94d531dab76 0 1603265855575 5 connected
d6321788b2717b4142390c158ba70ca758f70964 192.168.112.136:8003@18003 master - 0 1603265856382 3 connected 10923-16383
c9e549f4d04d4466d2550d1e027412304099b1f2 192.168.112.136:8001@18001 myself,master - 0 1603265855000 1 connected 0-5460
root@f4c971ce2d84:~# redis-cli -c -a 1234 -h 192.168.112.136 -p 8004
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.112.136:8004>
192.168.112.136:8004> set 5 test5
-> Redirected to slot [9974] located at 192.168.112.136:8002
192.168.112.136:8002>
仔细看一下，当在slave节点写入数据时，redis-cluster将你的写请求重定向到另一个master节点了，至于原因，在这里就不说了，下次再讲解redis-cluster集群原理篇再细讲。
测试查询
root@f4c971ce2d84:~# redis-cli -c -a 1234 -h 192.168.112.136 -p 8006
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.112.136:8006>
192.168.112.136:8006> get 5
-> Redirected to slot [9974] located at 192.168.112.136:8002
"test5"
192.168.112.136:8002>
在这里查询也被路由重定向了。
致谢
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