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Docker3-Dockerfile创建镜像的方法(推荐docker file这种方法)

2019-11-20    
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Docker3-Dockerfile创建镜像的方法(推荐docker file这种方法)

 

一、镜像制作的方法

1.本地导入导出镜像

请参考:Docker 架构原理及简单使用

导出:docker save Nginx >/tmp/nginx.tar.gz
导入:docker load </tmp/nginx.tar.gz

2.docker commit 命令创建镜像副本

请参考:Docker docker commit方法镜像制作

3.docker file

前面两种方法已经介绍过了,这里介绍docker file,生成环境推荐使用这种方法

二、docker file方法制作镜像

1.什么是docker file

用来全自动构建镜像文件,命名为Dockerfile

2.Dockerfile 文件编写指令及语法

1)指令

FROM       
MAINTAINER   
RUN       
CMD      
EXPOSE
ENV
ADD
COPY
ENTRYPOINT
VOLUME
USER
WORKDIR
ONBUILD

2)语法

引用了docker中文文档:http://www.docker.org.cn/dockerppt/114.html

1.FROM <image>
  例子:FROM centos
  FROM指定构建镜像的基础源镜像,如果本地没有指定的镜像,则会自动从Docker的公共库pull镜像下来。
  FROM必须是Dockerfile中非注释行的第一个指令,即一个Dockerfile从FROM语句开始
  FROM可以在一个DOCKERfile中出现多次,如果有需求在一个Dockerfile中创建多个镜像

2.MAINTAINER <name>
  例子:MAINTAINER zxg zhutoyearn@163.com
  指定创建镜像的用户

3.RUN <"executable","parm1","param2">
  两种使用方式:
RUN
RUN "executable", "param1", "param2"

  例子:RUN yum install wget -y
 
  每条RUN指令将在当前镜像基础上执行指定命令,并提交为新的镜像,后续的RUN都在之前RUN提交后的镜像为基础,镜像是分层的,可以通过一个镜像的任何一个历史提交点来创建,类似源码的 版本控制 。

  exec 方式会被解析为一个 JSON 数组,所以必须使用双引号而不是单引号。exec 方式不会调用一个命令 shell,所以也就不会继承相应的变量,如:

  RUN [ "echo", "$HOME" ] #错误,这个个方法不会输出HOME变量,下面为正确方式
  RUN [ "sh", "-c", "echo", "$HOME" ]
 RUN 产生的缓存在下一次构建的适合是不会失效的,会被重用,可以使用--no-cache选择,即docker build-no-cache,如此便不会缓存

4.CMD <"executable",>
 三种使用方式:
CMD "executable","param1","param2"
CMD "param1","param2"
CMD command param1 param2 (shell form)
 例子:CMD["nginx"] 
CMD指定在 Dockerfile 中只能使用一次,如果有多个,则只有最后一个会生效。

CMD的目的是为了在启动容器时提供一个默认的命令执行选项。如果用户启动容器时指定了运行的命令,则会覆盖掉CMD指定的命令。

CMD会在启动容器的时候执行,build 时不执行,而RUN只是在构建镜像的时候执行,后续镜像构建完成之后,启动容器就与RUN无关了,这个初学者容易弄混这个概念,这里简单注解一下。
  
5.EXPOSE <port>[<port>...]
  告诉docker服务端容器对外映射的本地端口,需要在docker run的使用使用-p或者-P选项生效

  例子:EXPOSE 80
6.ENV
  ENV <key> <value>
  ENV <key>=<value>。。。
  指定一个环节变量,会被后续RUN指令使用,并在容器运行时保留

  例子:ENV myname zxg
     ENV myhome beijing
     ENV myname="zxg" myhome=beijing
  
7.ADD
  ADD <src>...<dest>
  ADD复制本地主机文件、目录或者远程文件URLS从并且添加到容器指定路径中
  支持通过Go的正则模式匹配,具体规则可参见Go filepath.Match

  例子:ADD hom* /mydir/  #adds all files starting with ”hom“
     ADD hom?.txt /mydir/ #?is replaced with any single character
    ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

  注意如下:
路径必须是绝对路径,如果 不存在,会自动创建对应目录
路径必须是 Dockerfile 所在路径的相对路径
如果是一个目录,只会复制目录下的内容,而目录本身则不会被复制

8.COPY
  COPY <src>...<dest>
  COPY复制新文件或者目录并且添加到容器指定路径中,用法和ADD相同,唯一区别时不能指定远程文件URLS。

9.ENTRYPOINT
  ENTRYPOINT "executable","param1","param2"
  ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2(shell form)
    配置容器启动后执行的命令,并且不可被 docker run 提供的参数覆盖,而CMD是可以被覆盖的。如果需要覆盖,则可以使用docker run --entrypoint选项。

    每个 Dockerfile 中只能有一个ENTRYPOINT,当指定多个时,只有最后一个生效。

    Exec form ENTRYPOINT 例子
    通过ENTRYPOINT使用 exec form 方式设置稳定的默认命令和选项,而使用CMD添加默认之外经常被改动的选项。

    FROM ubuntu
    ENTRYPOINT ["top", "-b"]
    CMD ["-c"]
    通过 Dockerfile 使用ENTRYPOINT展示前台运行 Apache 服务

    FROM debian:stable
    RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes apache2
    EXPOSE 80 443
    VOLUME ["/var/www", "/var/log/apache2", "/etc/apache2"]
    ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/apache2ctl", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
    Shell form ENTRYPOINT 例子
    这种方式会在/bin/sh -c中执行,会忽略任何CMD或者docker run命令行选项,为了确保docker stop能够停止长时间运行ENTRYPOINT的容器,确保执行的时候使用exec选项。

    FROM ubuntu
    ENTRYPOINT exec top -b
    如果在ENTRYPOINT忘记使用exec选项,则可以使用CMD补上:

    FROM ubuntu
    ENTRYPOINT top -b
    CMD --ignored-param1 # --ignored-param2 ... --ignored-param3 ... 依此类推

10.VOLUME 
  VOLUME ["/data"]
  创建一个可以从本地主机或其他容器挂载的挂载点,后续具体介绍

11.USER
  USER daemon
  指定运行容器时的用户名或UID,后续RUN、CMD、ENTERPOINT也会使用指定用户

12.WORKDIR 
 WORKDIR /path/to/workdir
  为后续的RUN、CMD、ENTRYPOINT指令配置工作目录。可以使用多个WORKDIR指令,后续命令如果参数是相对路径,则会基于之前命令指定的路径
  WORKDIR /a
  WORKDIR b
  WORKDIR c
  RUN pwd
  最终路径是/a/b/c
  WORKDIR指令可以在ENV设置变量之后调用环境变量:
  ENV DIRPATH /path
  WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
  最终路径则为 /path/$DIRNAME
 
13.ONBUILD
  ONBUILD [INSTRUCTION]
  配置当所创建的镜像作为其他新创建镜像的基础镜像时,所执行的操作指令
  例如:Dockerfile 使用如下的内容创建了镜像image-A:
    [...]
    ONBUILD ADD . /App/src
    ONBUILD RUN /usr/local/bin/Python-build --dri /app/src
    [...]

3.例子examples,做一个centos安装了nginx及wget的镜像

[root@web1 docker]# vim Dockerfile
#this is docker file for centos-nginx
FROM centos
MAINTAINER zxg <victor@docker.com>
RUN yum install wget -y
RUN rpm -ivh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
 N yum install nginx -y
▽DD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
RUN echo "daemon off;">>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx"]

4.使用build命令制作镜像

1)build命令说明

$ docker build --help
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build a new image from the source code at PATH
 --force-rm=false Always remove intermediate containers, even after unsuccessful builds # 移除过渡容器,即使构建失败
 --no-cache=false Do not use cache when building the image # 不实用 cache 
 -q, --quiet=false Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers 
 --rm=true Remove intermediate containers after a successful build # 构建成功后移除过渡层容器
 -t, --tag="" Repository name (and optionally a tag) to be applied to the resulting image in case of success

2)制作镜像

docker build -t zxg/nginx1 .

整个过程还挺长,所以折叠了,可以点开看一下

[root@web1 docker]# docker build -t zxg/nginx1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos
 ---> 9f38484d220f
Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER zxg <victor@docker.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 35983aa687ed
Step 3/9 : RUN yum install wget -y
 ---> Using cache
 ---> efb8205fc8d2
Step 4/9 : RUN rpm -ivh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
 ---> Running in 56c5812e494f

warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.pS5KO3: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Retrieving https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################
Updating / installing...
epel-release-7-11 ########################################
 ---> cf40357c60bb
Removing intermediate container 56c5812e494f
Step 5/9 : RUN yum install nginx -y
 ---> Running in 36ebe7b47657

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
https://hkg.mirror.rackspace.com/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/192b605ef6d0f773ad6162832c60509e1bc0817e28662ea77340078287b3b4d8-updateinfo.xml.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article 

https://wiki.centos.org/yum-errors

If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please use https://bugs.centos.org/.

https://mirrors.njupt.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/dc10637460e531277a1cd82574de2dde2637fd3a9e90cd0282e9436d3a95b91d-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
http://fedora.cs.nctu.edu.tw/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/dc10637460e531277a1cd82574de2dde2637fd3a9e90cd0282e9436d3a95b91d-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: openssl for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.12.2-3.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch
---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 for package: 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: make for package: 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package make.x86_64 1:3.82-23.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: GeoIP for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl >= 5.006001 for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(XSLoader) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(strict) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(warnings) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62(LIBJPEG_6.2)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfreetype.so.6()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: dejavu-sans-fonts for package: fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64
---> Package freetype.x86_64 0:2.8-12.el7_6.1 will be installed
---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.5-2.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.5-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.5-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 will be installed
---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::Parsewords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: dejavu-fonts-common = 2.33-6.el7 for package: dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch
---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: groff-base for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository
 Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 531 k
Installing for dependencies:
 GeoIP x86_64 1.5.0-13.el7 base 1.5 M
 dejavu-fonts-common noarch 2.33-6.el7 base 64 k
 dejavu-sans-fonts noarch 2.33-6.el7 base 1.4 M
 fontconfig x86_64 2.13.0-4.3.el7 base 254 k
 fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-8.el7 base 9.9 k
 freetype x86_64 2.8-12.el7_6.1 updates 380 k
 gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 base 146 k
 gperftools-libs x86_64 2.6.1-1.el7 base 272 k
 groff-base x86_64 1.22.2-8.el7 base 942 k
 libX11 x86_64 1.6.5-2.el7 base 606 k
 libX11-common noarch 1.6.5-2.el7 base 164 k
 libXau x86_64 1.0.8-2.1.el7 base 29 k
 libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 base 55 k
 libjpeg-turbo x86_64 1.2.90-6.el7 base 134 k
 libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k
 libxcb x86_64 1.13-1.el7 base 214 k
 libxslt x86_64 1.1.28-5.el7 base 242 k
 make x86_64 1:3.82-23.el7 base 420 k
 nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 16 k
 nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 17 k
 nginx-mod-http-geoip x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 23 k
 nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 27 k
 nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 36 k
 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 26 k
 nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 54 k
 nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 epel 76 k
 openssl x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 updates 493 k
 perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 updates 8.0 M
 perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 base 19 k
 perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 base 1.5 M
 perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 base 28 k
 perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 base 26 k
 perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 base 56 k
 perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 base 76 k
 perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 base 56 k
 perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 base 38 k
 perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 base 82 k
 perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 updates 51 k
 perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 base 87 k
 perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 base 216 k
 perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 base 27 k
 perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 base 36 k
 perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-4.el7 base 49 k
 perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 base 77 k
 perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 base 14 k
 perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 base 45 k
 perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 base 24 k
 perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 base 19 k
 perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 updates 688 k
 perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 updates 44 k
 perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 base 12 k
 perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 base 112 k
 perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 base 49 k
 perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 base 39 k
Updating for dependencies:
 openssl-libs x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 updates 1.2 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+54 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 21 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Public key for nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 868 kB/s | 21 MB 00:24 
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5:
 Userid : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"
 Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5
 Package : epel-release-7-11.noarch (installed)
 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
 Updating : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/57 
 Installing : fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch 2/57 
 Installing : 2:libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64 3/57 
 Installing : freetype-2.8-12.el7_6.1.x86_64 4/57 
 Installing : dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch 5/57 
 Installing : dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch 6/57 
 Installing : fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64 7/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch 8/57 
 Installing : libX11-common-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch 9/57 
 Installing : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64 10/57 
 Installing : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 11/57 
 Installing : libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64 12/57 
 Installing : libX11-1.6.5-2.el7.x86_64 13/57 
 Installing : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 14/57 
 Installing : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 15/57 
 Installing : groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64 16/57 
 Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 17/57 
 Installing : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch 18/57 
 Installing : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch 19/57 
 Installing : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch 20/57 
 Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch 21/57 
 Installing : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch 22/57 
 Installing : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64 23/57 
 Installing : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch 24/57 
 Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 25/57 
 Installing : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 26/57 
 Installing : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64 27/57 
 Installing : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch 28/57 
 Installing : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch 29/57 
 Installing : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch 30/57 
 Installing : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch 31/57 
 Installing : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64 32/57 
 Installing : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64 33/57 
 Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64 34/57 
 Installing : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch 35/57 
 Installing : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch 36/57 
 Installing : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64 37/57 
 Installing : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64 38/57 
 Installing : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64 39/57 
 Installing : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64 40/57 
 Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch 41/57 
 Installing : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch 42/57 
 Installing : 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 43/57 
 Installing : GeoIP-1.5.0-13.el7.x86_64 44/57 
 Installing : libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-6.el7.x86_64 45/57 
 Installing : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 46/57 
 Installing : 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 47/57 
 Installing : 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64 48/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 49/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 50/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 51/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 52/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 53/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 54/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch 55/57 
 Installing : 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 56/57 
 Cleanup : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 57/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch 1/57 
 Verifying : fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64 2/57 
 Verifying : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch 3/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 4/57 
 Verifying : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64 5/57 
 Verifying : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64 6/57 
 Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch 7/57 
 Verifying : 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 8/57 
 Verifying : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch 9/57 
 Verifying : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch 10/57 
 Verifying : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64 11/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 12/57 
 Verifying : 2:libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64 13/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 14/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 15/57 
 Verifying : dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch 16/57 
 Verifying : fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch 17/57 
 Verifying : libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-6.el7.x86_64 18/57 
 Verifying : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 19/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 20/57 
 Verifying : GeoIP-1.5.0-13.el7.x86_64 21/57 
 Verifying : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 22/57 
 Verifying : groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64 23/57 
 Verifying : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch 24/57 
 Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch 25/57 
 Verifying : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch 26/57 
 Verifying : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch 27/57 
 Verifying : libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64 28/57 
 Verifying : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 29/57 
 Verifying : 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 30/57 
 Verifying : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 31/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 32/57 
 Verifying : 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64 33/57 
 Verifying : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch 34/57 
 Verifying : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 35/57 
 Verifying : libX11-1.6.5-2.el7.x86_64 36/57 
 Verifying : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64 37/57 
 Verifying : dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch 38/57 
 Verifying : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64 39/57 
 Verifying : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 40/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 41/57 
 Verifying : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch 42/57 
 Verifying : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64 43/57 
 Verifying : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch 44/57 
 Verifying : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch 45/57 
 Verifying : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 46/57 
 Verifying : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch 47/57 
 Verifying : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64 48/57 
 Verifying : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64 49/57 
 Verifying : libX11-common-1.6.5-2.el7.noarch 50/57 
 Verifying : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64 51/57 
 Verifying : freetype-2.8-12.el7_6.1.x86_64 52/57 
 Verifying : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch 53/57 
 Verifying : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64 54/57 
 Verifying : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-3.el7.noarch 55/57 
 Verifying : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64 56/57 
 Verifying : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 57/57 

Installed:
 nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 

Dependency Installed:
 GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-13.el7 
 dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 
 dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 
 fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 
 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 
 freetype.x86_64 0:2.8-12.el7_6.1 
 gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 
 gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 
 groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7 
 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-2.el7 
 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7 
 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 
 libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 
 libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-6.el7 
 libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 
 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 
 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 
 make.x86_64 1:3.82-23.el7 
 nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-3.el7 
 openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 
 perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 
 perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 
 perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 
 perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 
 perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 
 perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 
 perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 
 perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 
 perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 
 perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 
 perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 
 perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 
 perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 
 perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 
 perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 
 perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 
 perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 
 perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 
 perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 
 perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 
 perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 
 perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 
 perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 
 perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 
 perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 
 perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 
 perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 

Dependency Updated:
 openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1 

Complete!
 ---> 996824f87698
Removing intermediate container 36ebe7b47657
Step 6/9 : ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
 ---> a21387c003a7
Removing intermediate container 74dfd64941b1
Step 7/9 : RUN echo "daemon off;">>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 ---> Running in bd60f92d877e

 ---> 3b20cd6163a8
Removing intermediate container bd60f92d877e
Step 8/9 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in 54e388a3fd21
 ---> 2aeecbaba79b
Removing intermediate container 54e388a3fd21
Step 9/9 : CMD nginx
 ---> Running in 32d4b23b050c
 ---> 3babdf3c6c6d
Removing intermediate container 32d4b23b050c
Successfully built 3babdf3c6c6d

5.验证一下,并用curl测试

[root@web1 docker]# docker run -d --name my_nginx1 zxg/nginx1 #后台运行整个容器
751a8f9dda48c034d40b8855b3dd6c7aaf785eeaa9ae404c5eb3c0271e434f50
[root@web1 docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
751a8f9dda48 zxg/nginx1 "nginx" About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp my_nginx1
[root@web1 docker]# docker exec -it my_nginx1 bash #进入容器

[root@751a8f9dda48 /]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html #查看文件是否添加到容器
this is docker-centos7-nginx1

[root@751a8f9dda48 /]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
 worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

 sendfile on;
 tcp_nopush on;
 tcp_nodelay on;
 keepalive_timeout 65;
 types_hash_max_size 2048;

 include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
 default_type application/octet-stream;

 # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
 # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
 # for more information.
 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

 server {
 listen 80 default_server;
 listen [::]:80 default_server;
 server_name _;
 root /usr/share/nginx/html;

 # Load configuration files for the default server block.
 include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

 location / {
 }

 error_page 404 /404.html;
 location = /40x.html {
 }

 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
 location = /50x.html {
 }
 }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location / {
# }
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }

}

daemon off;
[root@751a8f9dda48 /]# exit
exit
[root@web1 docker]# 
[root@751a8f9dda48 html]# curl 127.0.0.1
this is docker-centos7-nginx1
[root@751a8f9dda48 html]#
[root@web1 ~]# docker inspect my_nginx1 |grep IPAddress
 "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
 "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
 "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
[root@web1 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
this is docker-centos7-nginx1
[root@web1 ~]# 
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